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Thesis
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Proprietăţi termodinamice în soluţii apoase de electroliţi cu şi fără component organic
Sîrbu, Florinela
2009-10-24
Abstract: Abstract Studiul solutiilor de electroliti, a intelegerii proceselor caracteristice lor, a determinarii si reprezentarii proprietatilor, a calculului corelativ-predictiv al acestora, constituie obiective importante ale termodinamicii electrochimice, cu aplicatii in chimie, biochimie, biologie, oceanografie si in biotehnologii. In aceasta lucrare s-au studiat proprietati termodinamice in sisteme ternare de electroliti micsti NaCl-Na2SO4-H2O si NaCl-Na2CO3-H2O si in sisteme de electrolit cu component organic: NaCl-Gli-H2O si NaCl-triGli-H2O, ce sunt partial studiate in literatura pe domenii restranse de concentratii si temperatura. Sunt prezentate contributii originale privind date experimentale de coeficienti de activitate ionici medii ale electrolitilor si a componentilor organici si a proprietatilor volumetrice obtinute pe o gama larga de concentratii (tarii ionice) si temperaturi. Lucrarea cuprinde date experimentale si de modelare a proprietatilor termodinamice ale sistemelor. Datele experimentale de t.e.m au fost obtinute pe o instalatie proprie, intr-o celula cu un electrod ion selectiv de sodiu (EIS Na) si cu electrod de referinta cu dubla jonctiune incorporat. Densitatea a fost masurata cu densimetrul Paar 4500. Principalele contributii sunt: -realizarea unui studiu complex privind comportamentul temodinamic al sistemelor binare NaCl-H2O, Na2SO4-H2O si Na2CO3-H2O, cat si al sistemelor mixte de electroliti: NaCl-Na2SO4-H2O si NaCl-Na2CO3-H2O, obtinute pe o gama larga de valori ale tariei ionice si ale temperaturii. - realizarea unui studiu termodinamic al sistemelor sare –compus organic-apa: NaCl-Gli-H2O si NaCl-triGli-H2O pe o gama larga de concentratii atat ale sarii cat si ale compusului organic, la diferite temperaturi. -reliefarea efectelor salt-in si salt-out ale NaCl pentru glicina si, respectiv, triglicina, cu aplicatii in procesele de purificare ale acestora. -obtinerea de valori pentru parametrii de interactiune ionici, pentru marimi la dilutie infinita, cu aplicatii in calcule termodinamice. Rezultatele experimentale si de modelare obtinute in acesta lucrare pot fi valorificate in diferite domenii de aplicatii practice si teoretice. Abstract The electrolyte solutions study, the understanding of their characteristics, the correlative- predictive calculation and the determination and representation of their properties as well, are important objectives of the electrochemical thermodynamics, with applications in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, oceanography and biotechnologies. In this work were studied the thermodynamics properties of the NaCl-Na2SO4-H2O and NaCl-Na2CO3-H2O mixed electrolytes ternary systems and in electrolyte systems with organic component: NaCl-Gli-H2O and NaCl-triGli-H2O, which are partially studied on limited domains for concentration and temperature. Original contributions are presented for mean ionic activity coefficients and for volumetric properties. The t.e.m. experimental data were obtained on installation, in a cell with an sodium selective ion electrode (EIS Na) and with an embedded double junction reference electrode. The density was measured with a Paar densitometer. The main contributions are: A complex study regarding the thermodynamic behavior of NaCl-H2O, Na2SO4-H2O and Na2CO3-H2O binary systems, on a wide range of values for ionic strengths, at different temperatures. A thermodynamic study for salt – organic compound – water systems: NaCl-Gli-H2O and NaCl-triGli-H2O, on a wide range of concentrations for both salt and organic compound, at different temperatures. The highlighting of the NaCl salt-in and salt-out effects for glycine and triglycine, respectively, with applications in their purification processes. Determination of the values for the ionic interaction parameters, for infinite dilution measures, with applications in thermodynamic calculations. The modeling and experimental results of this research offer an important potential for both theoretical and practical further applications.
Keyword(s): Termodinamică electrochimică -- Teză de doctorat ; Soluţii de electrolit -- Termodinamică -- Teză de doctorat
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Record created 2016-10-03, last modified 2016-10-03
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